JNK-IN-12 (compound P2) is a mitochondrial-targeted JNK inhibitor (IC50=66.3 nM), consisting of a mitochondrial-specific cell-penetrating peptide and a specific inhibitor of JNK, SP600125 (HY-12041). JNK-IN-12 doesn't inhibit nuclear JNK signaling, but does inhibit mitochondrial JNK phosphorylation. JNK-IN-12 helps to improve the Parkinson's disease (PD) both in vitro and in vivo[1].