CD47 is a transmembrane protein, a cell surface glycoprotein molecule belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily that binds to a variety of proteins, including integrins, thrombospondin 1, and signal regulatory protein-α (SIRPα). In recent years, accumulating data have demonstrated that the CD47-SIRPαV2 axis is a key immune checkpoint in different cancers, including hematological malignancies, similar to PD-1/PD-L1 in solid tumors. CD47-SIRPαV2 blockade has become a next-generation immune checkpoint blocking strategy for various malignancies after PD-1/PD-L1.