TNFAIP3 was identified as a gene whose expression is rapidly induced by the tumor necrosis factor (TNF). TNF alpha induced protein 3 encoded by TNFAIP3 is a zinc finger protein and ubiqitin-editing enzyme, and has been shown to inhibit NF-kappa B activation as well as TNF-mediated apoptosis. The encoded protein, which has both ubiquitin ligase and deubiquitinase activities, is involved in the cytokine-mediated immune and inflammatory responses. Several transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for TNFAIP3.