HUABIO

Showing Products 1-30 of 51 Result

0108-2

Anti-CD34 Antibody

CD34 is a transmembrane phosphoglycoprotein protein encoded by the CD34 gene in humans, mice, rats and other species. The CD34 protein is a member of a family of single-pass transmembrane sialomucin proteins that show expression on early haematopoietic and vascular-associated progenitor cells. However, little is known about its exact function. CD34 is also an important adhesion molecule and is required for T cells to enter lymph nodes. It is expressed on lymph node endothelia, whereas the L-selectin to which it binds is on the T cell. Conversely, under other circumstances CD34 has been shown to act as molecular "Teflon" and block mast cell, eosinophil and dendritic cell precursor adhesion, and to facilitate opening of vascular lumina. Finally, recent data suggest CD34 may also play a more selective role in chemokine-dependent migration of eosinophils and dendritic cell precursors. Regardless of its mode of action, under all circumstances CD34, and its relatives podocalyxin and endoglycan, facilitates cell migration.

433.50 €

0108-4

Anti-c-kit Antibody

CD117 Antigen, also called KIT or C-kit receptor, is a cytokine receptor expressed on the surface of hematopoietic stem cells as well as other cell types. It has a tyrosine-protein kinase activity. Binding of the ligands leads to the autophosphorylation of KIT and its association with substrates such as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (Pi3K). Mutations in this gene are associated with gastrointestinal stromal tumors, mast cell disease, acute myelogenous leukemia, and piebaldism.

433.50 €

0108-6

Anti-CD4 Antibody

The CD4 gene encodes the T4 antigen, a glycoprotein of approximately 55 kDa, expressed on the surface of helper T lymphocytes.CD4 antigens are members of the immunoglobulin supergene family and are implicated as associative recognition elements in major histocompatibility complex class II-restricted immune responses. On T-lymphocytes they define the helper/inducer subset. CD4 antigens also serve as interleukin-15 receptors and bind to the HIV receptors, binding directly to the HIV envelope protein GP120.

433.50 €

0108-7

Anti-CD8 Antibody

CD8 (cluster of differentiation 8) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that serves as a co-receptor for the T-cell receptor (TCR). Along with the TCR, the CD8 co-receptor plays a role in T cell signaling and aiding with cytotoxic T cell-antigen interactions. Like the TCR, CD8 binds to a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule, but is specific for the MHC class I protein. There are two isoforms of the protein, alpha and beta, each encoded by a different gene. In humans, both genes are located on chromosome 2 in position 2p12. The CD8 co-receptor is predominantly expressed on the surface of cytotoxic T cells, but can also be found on natural killer cells, cortical thymocytes, and dendritic cells. The CD8 molecule is a marker for cytotoxic T cell population. It is expressed in T cell lymphoblastic lymphoma and hypo-pigmented mycosis fungoides. The extracellular IgV-like domain of CD8-α interacts with the α3 portion of the Class I MHC molecule. This affinity keeps the T cell receptor of the cytotoxic T cell and the target cell bound closely together during antigen-specific activation. Cytotoxic T cells with CD8 surface protein are called CD8+ T cells. The main recognition site is a flexible loop at the α3 domain of an MHC molecule. This was discovered by doing mutational analyses. The flexible α3 domain is located between residues 223 and 229 in the genome. In addition to aiding with cytotoxic T cell antigen interactions the CD8 co-receptor also plays a role in T cell signaling. The cytoplasmic tails of the CD8 co-receptor interact with Lck (lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase). Once the T cell receptor binds its specific antigen Lck phosphorylates the cytoplasmic CD3 and ζ-chains of the TCR complex which initiates a cascade of phosphorylation eventually leading to activation of transcription factors like NFAT, NF-κB, and AP-1 which affect the expression of certain genes.

433.50 €

0407-1

Anti-Cytokeratin 18 Antibody

Keratin 18 is a type I cytokeratin. It is, together with its filament partner keratin 8, perhaps the most commonly found products of the intermediate filament gene family. They are expressed in single layer epithelial tissues of the body. Mutations in this gene have been linked to cryptogenic cirrhosis. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. Keratin 18 is often used together with keratin 8 and keratin 19 to differentiate cells of epithelial origin from hematopoietic cells in tests that enumerate circulating tumor cells in blood.

433.50 €

0407-16

Anti-Beta Catenin Antibody

Key downstream component of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway In the absence of Wnt, forms a complex with AXIN1, AXIN2, APC, CSNK1A1 and GSK3B that promotes phosphorylation on N-terminal Ser and Thr residues and ubiquitination of CTNNB1 via BTRC and its subsequent degradation by the proteasome. In the presence of Wnt ligand, CTNNB1 is not ubiquitinated and accumulates in the nucleus, where it acts as a coactivator for transcription factors of the TCF/LEF family, leading to activate Wnt responsive genes Involved in the regulation of cell adhesion, as component of an E-cadherin:catenin adhesion complex. Acts as a negative regulator of centrosome cohesion. Involved in the CDK2/PTPN6/CTNNB1/CEACAM1 pathway of insulin internalization. Blocks anoikis of malignant kidney and intestinal epithelial cells and promotes their anchorage-independent growth by down-regulating DAPK2. Disrupts PML function and PML-NB formation by inhibiting RANBP2-mediated sumoylation of PML. Promotes neurogenesis by maintaining sympathetic neuroblasts within the cell cycle. Involved in chondrocyte differentiation via interaction with SOX9: SOX9-binding competes with the binding sites of TCF/LEF within CTNNB1, thereby inhibiting the Wnt signaling.

433.50 €

0407-2

Anti-Synaptophysin Antibody

Synaptophysin is a 38 kDa glycoprotein present in the membrane of neuronal presynaptic vesicles in brain, spinal cord, retina, vesicles of adrenal medulla, neuromuscular junctions, and endocrine cells. It is also expressed by neuroendocrine cells throughout the body, both normal and neoplastic. Synaptophysin is a useful marker for the identification of normal neuroendocrine cells and neuroendocrine neoplasms.

433.50 €

0407-21

Anti-EGFR Antibody

Receptor tyrosine kinase binding ligands of the EGF family and activating several signaling cascades to convert extracellular cues into appropriate cellular responses. Known ligands include EGF, TGFA/TGF-alpha, amphiregulin, epigen/EPGN, BTC/betacellulin, epiregulin/EREG and HBEGF/heparin-binding EGF. Ligand binding triggers receptor homo- and/or heterodimerization and autophosphorylation on key cytoplasmic residues. The phosphorylated receptor recruits adapter proteins like GRB2 which in turn activates complex downstream signaling cascades. Activates at least 4 major downstream signaling cascades including the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK, PI3 kinase-AKT, PLCgamma-PKC and STATs modules. May also activate the NF-kappa-B signaling cascad.

433.50 €

0407-25

Anti-E Cadherin Antibody

Cadherin-1 or Epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin), (not to be confused with the APC/C activator protein CDH1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CDH1 gene. Mutations are correlated with gastric, breast, colorectal, thyroid, and ovarian cancers. CDH1 has also been designated as CD324 (cluster of differentiation 324). It is a tumor suppressor gene. Cadherin-1 is a classical member of the cadherin superfamily. The encoded protein is a calcium-dependent cell–cell adhesion glycoprotein composed of five extracellular cadherin repeats, a transmembrane region, and a highly conserved cytoplasmic tail. Mutations in this gene are correlated with gastric, breast, colorectal, thyroid, and ovarian cancers. Loss of function is thought to contribute to progression in cancer by increasing proliferation, invasion, and/or metastasis. The ectodomain of this protein mediates bacterial adhesion to mammalian cells, and the cytoplasmic domain is required for internalization. Identified transcript variants arise from mutation at consensus splice sites. E-cadherin (epithelial) is the most well-studied member of the cadherin family. It consists of 5 cadherin repeats (EC1 ~ EC5) in the extracellular domain, one transmembrane domain, and an intracellular domain that binds p120-catenin and beta-catenin. The intracellular domain contains a highly-phosphorylated region vital to beta-catenin binding and, therefore, to E-cadherin function.

433.50 €

0407-27

Anti-Cyclin D1 Antibody

Cyclin D1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCND1 gene. The CCND1 gene encodes the cyclin D1 protein. The human CCND1 gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 11 (band 11q13). It is 13,388 base pairs long, and translates into 295 amino acids. Cyclin D1 is expressed in all adult human tissues with the exception of cells derived from bone marrow stem cell lines (both lymphoid and myeloid). The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the highly conserved cyclin family, whose members are characterized by a dramatic periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclins function as regulators of CDKs (Cyclin-dependent kinase). Different cyclins exhibit distinct expression and degradation patterns which contribute to the temporal coordination of each mitotic event. This cyclin forms a complex with and functions as a regulatory subunit of CDK4 or CDK6, whose activity is required for cell cycle G1/S transition. This protein has been shown to interact with tumor suppressor protein Rb and the expression of this gene is regulated positively by Rb. Mutations, amplification and overexpression of this gene, which alters cell cycle progression, are observed frequently in a variety of tumors and may contribute to tumorigenesis. Micrograph of cyclin D1 staining in a mantle cell lymphoma. Immunohistochemical staining of cyclin D1 antibodies is used to diagnose mantle cell lymphoma. Cyclin D1 has been found to be overexpressed in breast carcinoma. Its potential use as a biomarker was suggested.

433.50 €

0407-3

Anti-alpha Actin (cardiac actin) Antibody

Actins are highly conserved proteins expressed in all eucaryotic cells. Actin filaments form part of the cytoskeleton and play essential roles in regulating cell shape and movement. Six distinct actin isotypes have been identified in mammalian cells. Each is encoded by a separated gene and is expressed in a developmentally regulated and tissue-specific manner, alpha and beta cytoplasmic actins are expressed in a wide variety of cells; whereas, expression of alpha skeletal, alpha cardiac, alpha vascular, and gamma enteric actins are more restricted to specialized muscle cell type. Smooth muscle alpha actin is of further interest because it is one of a few genes whose expression is relatively restricted to vascular smooth muscle cells. Further more, expression of smooth muscle alpha actin is regulated by hormones, cell proliferation , and altered by pathological conditions including oncogenic transformation and atherosclerosis

433.50 €

0407-4

Anti-Cytokeratin 17 Antibody

Cytokeratin 17 may play a role in the formation and maintenance of various skin appendages, specifically in determining shape and orientation of hair. Required for the correct growth of hair follicles, in particular for the persistence of the anagen (growth) state. Modulates the function of TNF-alpha in the specific context of hair cycling. Regulates protein synthesis and epithelial cell growth through binding to the adapter protein SFN and by stimulating Akt/mTOR pathway. Involved in tissue repair. May be a marker of basal cell differentiation in complex epithelia and therefore indicative of a certain type of epithelial "stem cells". May act as an autoantigen in the immunopathogenesis of psoriasis, with certain peptide regions being a major target for autoreactive T-cells and hence causing their proliferation

433.50 €

0407-5

Anti-14-3-3 beta/alpha Antibody

The 14-3-3 proteins are a family of proteins involved in the regulation of apoptosis, mitogenic signaling and cell-cycle checkpoints. The 14-3-3 proteins are thought to be key regulators of signal transduction events mediated through their binding to serine-phosphorylated proteins. Through binding Bad, 14-3-3 prevents apoptosis by sequestering Bad to the cytosol. The 14-3-3 proteins are also Adapter protein implicated in the regulation of a large spectrum of both general and specialized signaling pathway. They bind to a large number of partners, usually by recognition of a phosphoserine or phosphothreonine motif. Binding generally results in the modulation of the activity of the binding partner.

433.50 €

0407-6

Anti-Caveolin-1 Antibody

Caveolin, an integral membrane protein, is a principal component of caveolae membranes in vivo. Two isoforms of caveolin have been identified: a slower migrating 24-kDa species (-isoform) and a faster migrating 21-kDa species (-isoform). Caveolins interact with multiple signaling molecules, such as the G-protein alpha subunit, tyrosine kinase receptors, PKCs, Src family tyrosine kinases and eNOS. Caveolin-1 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of mammary epithelial cell hyperplasia.

433.50 €

0407-9

Anti-Junctophilin-2 Antibody

Junctophilin 2, also known as JPH2, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the JPH2 gene. Alternative splicing has been observed at this locus and two variants encoding distinct isoforms are described. Junctional complexes between the plasma membrane and endoplasmic/sarcoplasmic reticulum are a common feature of all excitable cell types and mediate cross talk between cell surface and intracellular ion channels. The protein encoded by this gene is a component of junctional complexes and is composed of a C-terminal hydrophobic segment spanning the endoplasmic/sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane and a remaining cytoplasmic membrane occupation and recognition nexus (MORN) domain that shows specific affinity for the plasma membrane. JPH2 is a member of the junctophilin gene family (the other members of the family are JPH1, JPH3, and JPH4) and is the predominant isoform in cardiac tissue, but is also expressed with JPH1 in skeletal muscle. The JPH2 protein product plays a critical role in maintaining the spacing a geometry of the cardiac dyad - the space between the plasma membrane and sarcoplasmic reticulum. These cardiac dyads also known as junctional membrane complexes or calcium release units are thought to play a key role in calcium induced calcium release by approximating L-type calcium channels on the plasma membrane and ryanodine receptor type 2 on the sarcoplasmic reticulum. JPH2 also contains an evolutionarily conserved nuclear localization signal and a DNA binding domain. During (heart) disease, stress-activated calpain converts the full length JPH2 into fragments. The N-terminal fragment (including nuclear localization signal and DNA binding domain) is translocated to nucleus and regulates gene transcription.

433.50 €

0731-2

Anti-ZFP-42/REX-1 Antibody

Rex1 (Zfp-42) is a known marker of pluripotency, and is usually found in undifferentiated embryonic stem cells. In addition to being a marker for pluripotency, its regulation is also critical in maintaining a pluripotent state. As the cells begin to differentiate, Rex1 is severely and abruptly downregulated. During embryogenesis, the inner cell mass (ICM) is separated from the trophoblast. The stem cells derived from the ICM and trophectoderm have been found to express high levels of Oct3/4 and Rex1. As the ICM matures and begins to form the epiblast, and primitive ectoderm, the cells in the ICM have been found to be a heterogenous population, with varying levels of Rex1 expression. Rex1−/Oct3/4− triggers trophectoderm differentiation, while Rex1+/Oct3/4+ cells predominantly differentiate into primitive endoderm and mesoderm. Also, Rex1−/Oct3/4+ cells differentiate into cells of primitive ectoderm, the somatic cell lineage. Studies have shown that PEG3 and Nespas are downstream targets of Rex1. Rex1 can control the expression of Peg3 via epigenetic changes. YY1 has been shown to be involved in setting up DNA methylation on the maternal allele of PEG3 during oogenesis. Rex1 was found to protect the paternal allele from being methylated, and keep the PEG3 gene unmethylated during early embryogenesis. Rex1 exhibits gene control in developing embryos via its epigenetic control on genes such as PEG3, which has been identified as playing a key role in fetal growth rates. The only adult tissue Rex1 has been identified in are the testicles. Using in situ hybridization it was determined that the spermatocytes in the more inner layers of the testicles are expressing Rex1. Thus, the male germ cells undergoing meiosis are the specific cells in the testicles that express Rex1. It has not been observed, however, that Rex1 is expressed in the female germ cells.

433.50 €

0731-4

Anti-DPPA2 Antibody

DPPA2 (developmental pluripotency associated 2) is an embryo-cancer antigen that is coexpressed with cancer-testis antigens in non-small cell lung cancer. Dppa2 is closely linked SAP motif genes restricted to pluripotent cells and the germ line. It may play a role in maintaining cell pluripotentiality and in embryo preimplantation development.

433.50 €

0803-1

Anti-ESR1 Antibody

Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), also known as NR3A1 (nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group A, member 1), is one of two main types of estrogen receptor, a nuclear receptor that is activated by the sex hormone estrogen. In humans, ERα is encoded by the gene ESR1 (EStrogen Receptor 1). The estrogen receptor (ESR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor composed of several domains important for hormone binding, DNA binding, and activation of transcription. The ESR1 protein localizes to the nucleus where it may forms a homodimer or a heterodimer with estrogen receptor 2. Estrogen and its receptors are essential for sexual development and reproductive function. Estrogen receptors are also involved in pathological processes including breast cancer, endometrial cancer, and osteoporosis.

433.50 €

0804-10

Anti-SCA-1 Antibody

Sca-1 stands for "Stem cells antigen-1" (official gene symbol: Ly6a). It consist of 18-kDa mouse glycosyl phosphatidylinositol-anchored cell surface protein (GPI-AP) of the LY6 gene family. It is the common biological marker used to identify hematopoitic stem cell (HSC) along with other markers. Sca-1 has a regenerative role in cardiac repair: Host cells with specific Sca-1+CD31− markers arise upon myocardial infarction, with evidence of expression of Sca-1 protein. Sca-1 plays a role in hematopoietic progenitor/stem cell lineage fate and c-kit expression. Sca-1+ HSCs can be found in the adult bone marrow, fetal liver and mobilized peripheral blood and spleen within the adult animal. An anti-Sca-1 Ab is frequently used in combination with negative selection for expression of a number of cell surface markers characteristic of differentiated cells of hematolymphoid lineages (Lin-) to identify and isolate murine HSCs.

433.50 €

0804-11

Anti-TIE-1 Antibody

Tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulin-like and EGF-like domains 1 also known as TIE1 is an angiopoietin receptor which in humans is encoded by the TIE1 gene. TIE1 is a cell surface protein expressed exclusively in endothelial cells, however it has also been shown to be expressed in immature hematopoietic cells and platelets. TIE1 upregulates the cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) VCAM-1, E-selectin, and ICAM-1 through a p38-dependent mechanism. Attachment of monocyte derived immune cells to endothelial cells is also enhanced by TIE1 expression. TIE1 has a proinflammatory effect and may play a role in the endothelial inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis.

433.50 €

0804-3

Anti-CD24 Antibody

The CD24 antigen is a small heavily glycosylated, glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) linked cell surface protein. It consists of a small protein core comprising 27 amino acids, which is extensively glycosylated and is bound to the membrane via a phosphatidylinositol anchor. The CD24 antigen is physiologically expressed in developing or regenerating tissue, as well as in granulocytes, keratinocytes and renal tubular epithelium. It modulates B-cell activation responses. Signaling could be triggered by the binding of a lectin-like ligand to the CD24 carbohydrates, and transduced by the release of second messengers derived from the GPI-anchor.

433.50 €

0804-4

Anti-CD24 Antibody

The human CD24 antigen is a small heavily glycosylated, glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) linked cell surface protein. It consists of a small protein core comprising 27 amino acids, which is extensively glycosylated and is bound to the membrane via a phosphatidylinositol anchor. The human CD24 antigen is physiologically expressed in developing or regenerating tissue, as well as in granulocytes, keratinocytes and renal tubular epithelium. It modulates B-cell activation responses. Signaling could be triggered by the binding of a lectin-like ligand to the CD24 carbohydrates, and transduced by the release of second messengers derived from the GPI-anchor

433.50 €

0804-5

Anti-CD133 Antibody

CD133 antigen, also known as prominin-1, is a glycoprotein that in humans is encoded by the PROM1 gene. It is a member of pentaspan transmembrane glycoproteins, which specifically localize to cellular protrusions. When embedded in the cell membrane, the membrane topology of prominin-1 is such that the N-terminus extends into the extracellular space and the C-terminus resides in the intracellular compartment. The protein consists of five transmembrane segments, with the first and second segments and the third and fourth segments connected by intracellular loops while the second and third as well as fourth and fifth transmembrane segments are connected by extracellular loops. While the precise function of CD133 remains unknown, it has been proposed that it acts as an organizer of cell membrane topology. CD133 is expressed in hematopoietic stem cells, endothelial progenitor cells, glioblastoma, neuronal and glial stem cells, various pediatric brain tumors, as well as adult kidney, mammary glands, trachea, salivary glands, uterus, placenta, digestive tract, testes, and some other cell types.

433.50 €

0804-8

Anti-GM-CSF-R-alpha (CD116) Antibody

The granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor also known as CD116 (Cluster of Differentiation 116), is a receptor for granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, which stimulates the production of white blood cells. In contrast to M-CSF and G-CSF which are lineage specific, GM-CSF and its receptor play a role in earlier stages of development. The receptor is primarily located on neutrophils, eosinophils and monocytes/macrophages, it is also on CD34+ progenitor cells (myeloblasts) and precursors for erythroid and megakaryocytic lineages, but only in the beginning of their development. It is associated with Surfactant metabolism dysfunction type 4.

433.50 €

0804-9

Anti-CD127 Antibody

The IL-7 cytokine plays a major role in the in vivo maintenance of polyclonal naive and memory T cells, positively regulating the survival, differentiation and proliferation of thymocyte and peripheral T lymphocyte populations. IL-7 exerts its biological function through the IL-7 receptor which is expressed on pre-B cells, thymocytes and bone marrow-derived macrophages. The IL-7 receptor is composed of an IL-7 receptor-specific chain and the IL-2 receptor γ chain common to the IL-2, IL-4,IL-7, IL-9 and IL-15 receptors. Soluble forms of the IL-7 Rα have been reported.

433.50 €

0805-2

Anti-Noggin Antibody

Noggin is a signaling molecule that plays an important role in promoting somite patterning in the developing embryo. It is released from the notochord and regulates bone morphogenic protein (BMP4) during development. The absence of BMP4 will cause the patterning of the neural tube and somites from the neural plate in the developing embryo. It also causes formation of the head and other dorsal structures. Noggin function is required for correct nervous system, somite, and skeletal development. Experiments in mice have shown that noggin also plays a role in learning, cognition, bone development, and neural tube fusion. Heterozygous missense mutations in the noggin gene can cause deformities such as joint fusions and syndromes such as multiple synostosis syndrome (SYNS1) and proximal symphalangism (SIM1). SYNS1 is different from SYM1 by causing hip and vertebral fusions. The embryo may also develop shorter bones, miss any skeletal elements, or lack multiple articulating joints. Increased plasma levels of Noggin have been observed in obese mice and in patients with a body mass index over 27. Additionally, it has been shown that Noggin depletion in adipose tissue leads to obesity.

433.50 €

0805-3

Anti-Beta III Tubulin Antibody

Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. It binds two moles of GTP, one at an exchangeable site on the beta chain and one at a non-exchangeable site on the alpha chain. TUBB3 plays a critical role in proper axon guidance and maintenance. Binding of NTN1/Netrin-1 to its receptor UNC5C might cause dissociation of UNC5C from polymerized TUBB3 in microtubules and thereby lead to increased microtubule dynamics and axon repulsion. Plays a role in dorsal root ganglion axon projection towards the spinal cord.

433.50 €

0805-4

Anti-CD10 Antibody

Thermolysin-like specificity, but is almost confined on acting on polypeptides of up to 30 amino acids. Biologically important in the destruction of opioid peptides such as Met- and Leu-enkephalins by cleavage of a Gly-Phe bond. Able to cleave angiotensin-1, angiotensin-2 and angiotensin 1-9. Involved in the degradation of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF). Displays UV-inducible elastase activity toward skin preelastic and elastic fibers.

433.50 €

0805-5

Anti-NCAM-L1 Antibody

The neural cell adhesion molecule L1 (NCAM-L1) is an immunoglobulin superfamily adhesion molecule that is critical for neural development, involved in neuron-neuron adhesion, neurite fasciculation, outgrowth of neurites, etc. Defects in L1CAM are the cause of hydrocephalus due to stenosis of the aqueduct of Sylvius (HSAS). Hydrocephalus is a condition in which abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain causes increased intracranial pressure inside the skull. Defects in L1CAM are also the cause of mental retardation, aphasia, shuffling gait, and adducted thumbs syndrome (MASA), a X-linked disorder.

433.50 €

0805-6

Anti-CD62E Antibody

CD62E, known as E-selectin, is a cell adhesion molecule expressed only on endothelial cells activated by cytokines. Like other selectins, it plays an important part in inflammation. During inflammation, E-selectin plays an important part in recruiting leukocytes to the site of injury. The main ligands recognised by CD62E are oligosaccharides related to sialyl lewis x. P-selectin has a similar function, but is expressed on the endothelial cell surface within minutes as it is stored within the cell rather than produced on demand.

433.50 €

0805-7

Anti-CD3 zeta Antibody

Part of the TCR-CD3 complex present on T-lymphocyte cell surface that plays an essential role in adaptive immune response. When antigen presenting cells (APCs) activate T-cell receptor (TCR), TCR-mediated signals are transmitted across the cell membrane by the CD3 chains CD3D, CD3E, CD3G and CD3Z. All CD3 chains contain immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs) in their cytoplasmic domain. Upon TCR engagement, these motifs become phosphorylated by Src family protein tyrosine kinases LCK and FYN, resulting in the activation of downstream signaling pathways. CD3Z ITAMs phosphorylation creates multiple docking sites for the protein kinase ZAP70 leading to ZAP70 phosphorylation and its conversion into a catalytically active enzyme. Plays an important role in intrathymic T-cell differentiation. Additionally, participates in the activity-dependent synapse formation of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in both the retina and dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN).

433.50 €

0806-3

Anti-Alkaline Phosphatase(For 4 isoform) Antibody

Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) removes phosphate groups from the 5' end of DNA and RNA, and from proteins. Most mammals have 4 different isozymes: placental, placental like, intestinal and non tissue specific (found in liver, kidney and bone). Tissues with particularly high concentrations of ALP include the liver, bile ducts, placenta, and bone. Placental ALP is highly polymorphic, there are at least three common alleles. Damaged or diseased tissue releases enzymes into the blood, so serum ALP measurements can be abnormal in many conditions, including bone disease and liver disease.

433.50 €

0806-4

Anti-Alkaline Phosphatase(PLAP-1/PLAP-like) Antibody

433.50 €

0806-5

Anti-MCAM(CD146) Antibody

CD146 is a cell surface glycoprotein, originally identified as a melanoma antigen, whose expression is associated with tumor progression and the development of metastatic potential. Overexpression of CD146 in breast carcinoma cells results in a more cohesive cell growth and in the formation of smaller tumors in nude mice. During implantation and placentation, CD146 is expressed by the intermediate trophoblast in the placental site and binds to its putative receptor in uterine smooth muscle cells thus limiting trophoblastic invasion in the myometrium.

433.50 €

0806-6

Anti-Osteopontin Antibody

Osteopontin is an extracellular matrix cell adhesion protein which is abundant in bone and synthesized by preosteoblasts, osteoblasts and osteoclastic cells that are localized in the mineralized phase of bone matrix. Osteopontin probably exists in tissue-specific isoforms that may correspond to particular cellular functions. Acts as a cytokine it involved in enhancing production of interferon-gamma and interleukin-12 and reducing production of interleukin-10 and is essential in the pathway that leads to type I immunity.

433.50 €

0806-7

Anti-Glycophorin A Antibody

Glycophorin A is the major intrinsic membrane protein of the erythrocyte. The N-terminal glycosylated segment, which lies outside the erythrocyte membrane, has MN blood group receptors. Appears to be important for the function of SLC4A1 and is required for high activity of SLC4A1. May be involved in translocation of SLC4A1 to the plasma membrane. Is a receptor for influenza virus. Is a receptor for Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte-binding antigen 175 (EBA-175); binding of EBA-175 is dependent on sialic acid residues of the O-linked glycans. Appears to be a receptor for Hepatitis A virus (HAV).

433.50 €

0806-8

Anti-Osteopontin Antibody

Osteopontin (OPN), also known as bone sialoprotein I (BSP-1 or BNSP), early T-lymphocyte activation (ETA-1), secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1), 2ar and Rickettsia resistance (Ric),[5] is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SPP1 gene (secreted phosphoprotein 1). The murine ortholog is Spp1. Osteopontin is a SIBLING (glycoprotein) that was first identified in 1986 in osteoblasts. The prefix osteo- indicates that the protein is expressed in bone, although it is also expressed in other tissues. The suffix -pontin is derived from "pons," the Latin word for bridge, and signifies osteopontin's role as a linking protein. Osteopontin is an extracellular structural protein and therefore an organic component of bone. Synonyms for this protein include sialoprotein I and 44K BPP (bone phosphoprotein). The gene has 7 exons, spans 5 kilobases in length and in humans it is located on the long arm of chromosome 4 region 22 (4q1322.1). The protein is composed of ~300 amino acids residues and has ~30 carbohydrate residues attached, including 10 sialic acid residues, which are attached to the protein during post-translational modification in the Golgi apparatus. The protein is rich in acidic residues: 30-36% are either aspartic or glutamic acid.

433.50 €

0806-9

Anti-Albumin Antibody

Serum albumin, the main protein of plasma, has a good binding capacity for water, Ca(2+), Na(+), K(+), fatty acids, hormones, bilirubin and drugs. Albumin is essential for maintaining the osmotic pressure needed for proper distribution of body fluids between intravascular compartments and body tissues. It also acts as a plasma carrier by non-specifically binding several hydrophobic steroid hormones and as a transport protein for hemin and fatty acids.

433.50 €

0807-1

Anti-Lactate Dehydrogenase Antibody

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is an enzyme present in a wide variety of organisms, including plants and animals. It catalyses the interconversion of pyruvate and lactate with concomitant interconversion of NADH and NAD+. In medicine, LDH is often used as a marker of tissue breakdown as LDH is abundant in red blood cells and can function as a marker for hemolysis. In mammals, three types of LDH subunits (35 kDa) are encoded by the genes Ldh-A, Ldh-B, and Ldh-C. Lactate dehydrogenase B (LDH-B, heart subunit, LDH-H) is involved in the conversion of L-lactate and NAD to pryruvate and NADH and it is predominantly localized in the heart tissue. Similar to other LDH subunit, LDH-B is considered to be an important marker for germ cell tumor.

433.50 €

0807-10

Anti-Carcino Embryonic Antigen CEA Antibody

The CD66 (carcinoembryonic antigen, CEA, biliary glycoprotein I, BGP-1, CEACAM) immunoglobulin superfamily of genes encode cell adhesion proteins, which are expressed at higher levels in tumorous tissues than in normal tissues. The human CD66 gene family is a diverse set of glycoproteins of epithelial and hematopoietic lineage that comprises 29 genes, which map to chromosome position 19q13.1-q13.2. CD66A, CD66B, CD66C, CD66D, CD66E and CD66F are the best characterized CD66 antigens, and CD66A-D expression upregulates on the surface of granulocytes upon stimulation. Certain CD66 family members mediate homotypic and heterotypic intercellular adhesion events. CD66E, also known as CEA, is a well known tumor marker and a heavily glycosylated GPI-linked cell surface molecule.

433.50 €

0807-11

Anti-Insulin B Chain Antibody

Insulin is a hormone with extensive effects on both metabolism and several other body systems. It causes most of the body's cells to take up glucose from the blood (including liver, muscle, and fat tissue cells), storing it as glycogen in the liver and muscle, and stops use of fat as an energy source. Insulin is synthesized as a precursor molecule, proinsulin, which is processed prior to its secretion. A- and B-peptides are joined together by a disulfide bond to form insulin, while the central portion of the precursor molecule is cleaved and released as the C-peptide.

433.50 €

0807-2

Anti-Beta III Tubulin Antibody

Tubulin is one of several members of a small family of globular proteins. The most common members of the tubulin family are α-tubulin and β-tubulin. The beta-tubulin (relative molecular weight about 50 kDa) is counterpart of alpha-tubulin in tubulin heterodimer, it is coded by multiple tubulin genes and it is also posttranslationally modified. Heterogeneity of subunit is concentrated in C-terminal structural domain. Beta-Tubulin may have bound GTP or GDP. Under certain conditions β-tubulin can hydrolyze its bound GTP to GDP plus Pi, release the Pi, and exchange the GDP for GTP.

433.50 €

0807-3

Anti-COX1/Cyclooxygenase 1 Antibody

Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, COX1 (also designated COI, MTCO1 or oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) Complex IV, subunit I) is one of three mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encoded subunits (MTCO1-3) of respiratory Complex IV. Cytochrome c oxidase is a hetero-oligomeric enzyme composed of 13 subunits localized to the mitochondrial inner membrane and is the terminal enzyme complex of the electron transport chain. Complex IV catalyzes the reduction of molecular oxygen to water. The energy released is used to transport protons across the mitochondrial inner membrane. The resulting electro-chemical gradient is necessary for the synthesis of ATP. Complex IV contains 13 polypeptides; COX1, COX2 and COX3 (MTCO1-3) make up the catalytic core and are encoded by mtDNA while subunits IV, Va, Vb, VIa, VIb, VIc, VIIa, VIIb, VIIc and VIII are nuclear-encoded.

433.50 €

0807-4

Anti-TdT Antibody

Terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase (TdT) is a DNA polymerase expressed in immature lymphocytes of the thymus and bone marrow, as well as certain leukemic cells. The nuclear enzyme TdT plays a critical role in generating immune receptor diversity. During rearrangement of Ig and TCR V region genes, TdT catalyzes the addition of N nucleotides without a DNA template to V-D and D-J junctions in both Ig and TCR as well as the V-J junctions in the TCR (1–3). During the fetal and newborn period, TdT activity is absent, resulting in an N region-deficient Ag receptor repertoire significantly lacking in the diversity observed in the junctional regions of Igs and TCRs of adult animals

433.50 €

0807-5

Anti-LT-alpha Antibody

Lymphotoxin-alpha (LTA), a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family of cytokines, was initially isolated on the basis of an anti-tumor activity. LTA plays a key role in communication between lymphocytes and stromal cells, thereby eliciting cytotoxic effects on cancer cells. It induces the expression of vascular cell-adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1) on vascular endothelial cells and recruits natural killer (NK) cells to parenchymal organs and tumor lesions.

433.50 €

0807-6

Anti-LT-alpha(C-term) Antibody

433.50 €

0807-7

Anti-ARF1 Antibody

GTP-binding protein involved in protein trafficking among different compartments. Modulates vesicle budding and uncoating within the Golgi complex. Deactivation induces the redistribution of the entire Golgi complex to the endoplasmic reticulum, suggesting a crucial role in protein trafficking. In its GTP-bound form, its triggers the association with coat proteins with the Golgi membrane. The hydrolysis of ARF1-bound GTP, which is mediated by ARFGAPs proteins, is required for dissociation of coat proteins from Golgi membranes and vesicles. The GTP-bound form interacts with PICK1 to limit PICK1-mediated inhibition of Arp2/3 complex activity; the function is linked to AMPA receptor (AMPAR) trafficking, regulation of synaptic plasicity of excitatory synapses and spine shrinkage during long-term depression (LTD).(Microbial infection) Functions as an allosteric activator of the cholera toxin catalytic subunit, an ADP-ribosyltransferase.

433.50 €

0807-9

Anti-TdT Antibody

433.50 €

0808-1

Anti-Cystatin C Antibody

Cystatin C a protein encoded by the CST3 gene, with molecular weight of 13260 Da, is composed of 120 amino acids, lacks carbohydrate and has two disulfide bridges located near the carboxyl terminus. Cystatin C is mainly used as a biomarker of kidney function. If kidney function and glomerular filtration rate decline, the blood levels of cystatin C rise. Recently, it has been studied for its role in predicting new-onset or deteriorating cardiovascular disease. It also seems to play a role in brain disorders involving amyloid (a specific type of protein deposition), such as Alzheimer's disease.

433.50 €

0808-2

Anti-Beta-2 Microglobulin Antibody

β2 microglobulin also known as B2M is a component of MHC class I molecules, which are present on almost all cells of the body. β-2-Microglobulin associates with the α heavy chain of MHC and forms an immunoglobulin domain-like structure that mediates proper folding and expression of MHC class 1 molecules. Defects in B2M are the cause of hypercatabolic hypoproteinemia. Affected individuals show marked reduction in serum concentrations of immunoglobulin and albumin, probably due to rapid degradation.

433.50 €

0809-10

Anti-Prealbumin PA Antibody

Transthyretin (TTR) originally called prealbumin is a serum and cerebrospinal fluid carrier of the thyroid hormone thyroxine (T4) and retinol. Prealbumin concentrations are disproportionately high in human ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Over 80 different disease-causing mutations in prealbumin have been reported. TTR is known to be associated with the amyloid diseases senile systemic amyloidosis (SSA), familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP), and familial amyloid cardiomyopathy (FAC).